Muscles are called according to their shape, location, or a combination. Lock are more categorized according role such together flexion, extension, or rotation. Muscles and ligaments work together to assistance the spine, organize it upright, and also control movement during rest and also activity.
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| Forward flexors | Anterior |
| Lateral flexors | Lateral |
| Rotators | Lateral |
| Extensors | Posterior |
Skeletal muscle is striated (striped) in appearance. The is innervated, under voluntary control, and has the fastest contraction rate of every muscle. Before a muscle contracting, a nerve impulse originates in the mind and travels v the spinal cord come the muscle.Energy is needed for the muscle to contract (work). Mitochondria (cellular level) produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a chemistry cells need for energy. ATP is created as the mitochondria burn glucose (sugar). Blood vessels deliver the oxygen and also nutrients the mitochondria requirements to carry out a steady supply that ATP.
| Muscles of the Posterior Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine1. Semispinalis Capitus (head rotation/pulls backward)2. Iliocostalis Cervicis (extends cervical vertebrae)3. Longissimus Cervicus (extends cervical vertebrae)4. Longissimus Capitus (head rotation/pulls backward)5. Longissimus Thoracis (extension/lateral flexion vertebral column, rib rotation)6. Iliocostalis Thoracis (extension/lateral flexion vertebral column, rib rotation)7. See more: What Episode Does Sasuke Learn The Truth About Itachi, Naruto: Shippuden (Season 6) Semispinalis Thoracis (extends/rotates vertebral column) |
Muscles of the Spinal Column
| Sternocleidomastoid | Extends & rotates head, flexes vertebral column | C2, C3 |
| Scalenus | Flexes & rotates neck | Lower cervical |
| Spinalis Cervicis | Extends & rotates head | Middle/lower cervical |
| Spinalis Capitus | Extends & rotates head | Middle/lower cervical |
| Semispinalis Cervicis | Extends & rotates vertebral column | Middle/lower cervical |
| Semispinalis Capitus | Rotates head & pulls backward | C1 – C5 |
| Splenius Cervicis | Extends vertebral column | Middle/lower cervical |
| Longus Colli Cervicis | Flexes cervical vertebrae | C2 – C7 |
| Longus Capitus | Flexes head | C1 – C3 |
| Rectus Capitus Anterior | Flexes head | C2, C3 |
| Rectus Capitus Lateralis | Bends head laterally | C2, C3 |
| Iliocostalis Cervicis | Extends cervical vertebrae | Middle/lower cervical |
| Longissimus Cervicis | Extends cervical vertebrae | Middle/lower cervical |
| Longissimus Capitis | Rotates head & pulls backward | Middle/lower cervical |
| Rectus Capitus Posterior Major | Extends & rotates head | Suboccipital |
| Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor | Extends head | Suboccipital |
| Obliquus Capitus Inferior | Rotates atlas | Suboccipital |
| Obliquus Capitus Superior | Extends & bends head laterally | Suboccipital |
| Longissimus Thoracis | Extension, lateral flexion the vertebral column, rib rotation | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
| Iliocostalis Thoracis | Extension, lateral flexion that vertebral column, rib rotation | Dorsal primary departments of spinal nerves |
| Spinalis Thoracis | Extends vertebral column | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
| Semispinalis Thoracis | Extends & rotates vertebral column | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
| Rotatores Thoracis | Extends & rotates vertebral column | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
| Psoas Major | Flexes thigh at hip joint & vertebral column | L2, L3, periodically L1 or L4 |
| Intertransversarii Lateralis | Lateral flexion that vertebral column | Ventral primary division of spinal nerves |
| Quadratus Lumborum | Lateral flexion the vertebral column | T12, L1 |
| Interspinales | Extends vertebral column | Dorsal primary departments of spinal nerves |
| Intertransversarii Mediales | Lateral flexion the vertebral column | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
| Multifidus | Extends & rotates vertebral column | Dorsal primary departments of spinal nerves |
| Longissimus Lumborum | Extends & rotates vertebral column | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
| Iliocostalis Lumborum | Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rib rotation | Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves |
Muscle FasciaFascia is thickened connective organization that envelops a muscle or a team of muscles. Superficial fascia is found directly under the skin. Epimysium is the fascia closest come the muscle. Perimysium divides the muscle into facicles – muscle fibers. Endomysium is another kind of connective organization that covers every muscle fiber.